Definition:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules containing oxygen, such as superoxide anion (O₂⁻), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and hydroxyl radicals (OH•), which can cause oxidative damage to cells and tissues.
Phonetic Pronunciation:
(ree-AK-tiv OK-sih-jen SPEE-sheez)
Etymological Origin:
The term "reactive oxygen species" originates from the Latin word reactivus (meaning "to act back") and the Greek word oxys (meaning "sharp" or "acid," referring to oxygen). The term "species" is derived from Latin species, meaning "appearance" or "kind," used in science to describe distinct chemical entities.
Significance in Asbestos Context:
Reactive oxygen species are critically important in the context of asbestos because they are generated during asbestos exposure. Asbestos fibers, particularly those containing iron, catalyze the production of ROS through chemical reactions like the Fenton reaction. These ROS contribute to cellular damage, inflammation, and DNA mutations, which are key mechanisms in the development of asbestos-related diseases such as asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. Understanding ROS is essential for studying the pathogenesis of these diseases and developing potential therapeutic interventions.
Synonyms or Related Terms:
Example Sentence:
"The generation of reactive oxygen species by asbestos fibers plays a central role in the oxidative stress and cellular damage that lead to mesothelioma."
Common Misconceptions:
