nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)

Definition:
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a protein complex that functions as a transcription factor, playing a critical role in regulating immune responses, inflammation, cell survival, and proliferation. It is activated in response to various stress signals, including those caused by environmental toxins like asbestos.

Phonetic Pronunciation:
(NOO-klee-er FAK-tor KAP-uh BEE)

Etymological Origin:
The term "nuclear factor kappa B" originates from its discovery as a nuclear protein binding to the kappa light chain enhancer of B cells. "Nuclear" refers to its location in the cell nucleus, "factor" denotes its role as a regulatory protein, and "kappa B" refers to the specific DNA sequence it binds to. It was first identified in 1986 by researchers studying B lymphocytes.

Significance in Asbestos Context:
NF-κB is significant in the asbestos context because it is often activated in cells exposed to asbestos fibers. This activation can lead to chronic inflammation and promote the development of asbestos-related diseases, including mesothelioma and lung cancer. NF-κB's role in inflammation and cell survival makes it a key focus in understanding how asbestos exposure leads to disease and in developing potential therapeutic interventions.

Synonyms or Related Terms:

• NF-kappa B
• NF-κB signaling pathway
• Transcription factor NF-κB

Example Sentence:
"Studies have shown that asbestos exposure can activate the NF-κB pathway, contributing to the chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis observed in mesothelioma patients."

Common Misconceptions:

• Misconception: NF-κB is only involved in cancer.
  Clarification: While NF-κB plays a role in cancer development, it is also crucial for normal immune responses and inflammation regulation.
• Misconception: NF-κB activation is always harmful.
  Clarification: NF-κB activation is a normal cellular process essential for immune defense, but its chronic activation, such as in response to asbestos, can lead to harmful effects like inflammation and cancer.
• Misconception: NF-κB is specific to asbestos exposure.
  Clarification: NF-κB can be activated by a variety of stressors, including infections, radiation, and other environmental toxins, not just asbestos.