Iron & Steel

The iron and steel industry has long been a base of industrial development, providing essential materials for construction, manufacturing, and infrastructure. This industry operates under extreme conditions, with high temperatures and intense heat being integral to processes such as smelting, forging, and casting. To ensure the safety of workers and the efficiency of operations, heat-resistant materials have been critical in the design and maintenance of equipment and facilities. Historically, asbestos was widely used in the iron and steel industry due to its unparalleled ability to withstand high temperatures and its durability in harsh environments.

Asbestos-containing materials were commonly found in equipment such as furnaces, kilns, and boilers, as well as in protective clothing for workers. The material’s versatility and cost-effectiveness made it a staple in the industry for decades. However, as awareness of the health risks associated with asbestos exposure grew, its use in the iron and steel industry began to decline, and safer alternatives were adopted.

Why Asbestos Was Used in the Iron and Steel Industry

Asbestos was extensively used in the iron and steel industry because of its exceptional heat resistance and insulating properties. The high temperatures involved in smelting and forging processes required materials that could endure extreme heat without degrading. Asbestos was ideal for insulating furnaces, boilers, and pipes, as well as for lining ladles and other equipment used to handle molten metal. Its ability to prevent heat loss also improved energy efficiency, making it a practical choice for industrial applications.

In addition to its thermal properties, asbestos was valued for its fireproofing capabilities, which were essential in an industry where fire hazards were a constant concern. Workers in the iron and steel industry also relied on asbestos-containing protective gear, such as gloves, aprons, and blankets, to shield themselves from burns and heat exposure. Despite its advantages, the health risks posed by asbestos fibers, particularly in the form of airborne dust during maintenance or removal, led to its eventual phase-out in favor of safer materials like ceramic fibers and mineral wool.

Types of Asbestos Used in the Industry

The iron and steel industry extensively utilized asbestos fibers due to their exceptional heat resistance and durability, which were critical in high-temperature environments:

Chrysotile (White Asbestos): Chrysotile was the most commonly used type of asbestos in the iron and steel industry. Its flexibility and resistance to heat made it ideal for use in insulating materials for furnaces, kilns, and pipes. Additionally, chrysotile was widely used in the production of “hot tops,” which are insulating covers placed over ingot molds to retain heat and ensure uniform cooling during the steel casting process. Chrysotile was also used in protective clothing, such as gloves and aprons, to shield workers from extreme heat.

Amosite (Brown Asbestos): Amosite was highly valued in the iron and steel industry for its superior strength and ability to withstand high temperatures. It was frequently used in thermal insulation products, such as insulating boards and pipe lagging, to protect equipment and maintain energy efficiency in industrial processes.

Crocidolite (Blue Asbestos): Crocidolite was occasionally used in the iron and steel industry for applications requiring exceptional chemical resistance and heat tolerance. It was often found in spray-on insulation and gaskets used in high-temperature and corrosive environments.

The iron and steel industry relied on asbestos for its ability to provide thermal insulation, fireproofing, and protection in extreme conditions. However, the health risks associated with asbestos exposure have led to its replacement with safer alternatives in modern industrial practices. ]

Learn more about the six types of asbestos.

Common Types of Asbestos Products in the Iron & Steel Industry

The iron and steel industry relied heavily on asbestos for its heat resistance, durability, and fireproofing properties. Asbestos was used in various products to protect workers, equipment, and facilities from the extreme heat and fire hazards inherent in steel production. Common types of asbestos products used in the iron and steel industry include:

Asbestos Furnace Insulation: Furnaces and kilns in steel plants operate at extremely high temperatures, often exceeding 2,000°F (1,093°C). Asbestos was widely used to line these furnaces and kilns because of its ability to contain and withstand such intense heat without degrading. The insulation helped maintain consistent temperatures, improved energy efficiency, and protected the structural integrity of the equipment. Asbestos furnace insulation was often found in refractory bricks, panels, and loose-fill insulation used in these high-temperature environments

Asbestos Fireproofing Materials: Steel plants are inherently prone to fire hazards due to the presence of molten metal, flammable materials, and high-temperature processes. To mitigate these risks, asbestos fireproofing materials were applied to structural components such as beams, columns, and walls. These materials provided a critical layer of protection, preventing the spread of fire and maintaining the structural stability of the plant during emergencies. Asbestos spray coatings and fireproofing plasters were commonly used for this purpose

Asbestos Protective Clothing: Workers in steel plants faced constant exposure to extreme heat, molten metal splashes, and sparks. To protect them, asbestos was woven into protective clothing such as gloves, aprons, jackets, leggings, and hoods. These garments provided excellent thermal insulation and resistance to burns, allowing workers to perform their tasks safely in hazardous conditions. Asbestos protective clothing was particularly valued for its durability and ability to withstand repeated exposure to high temperatures

Asbestos Gaskets and Seals: High-temperature equipment such as boilers, steam pipes, and valves required gaskets and seals capable of withstanding extreme heat and pressure. Asbestos was a preferred material for these components due to its flexibility, heat resistance, and ability to create a tight seal. Asbestos gaskets and seals were used extensively in steel plants to prevent leaks of steam, gases, and liquids, ensuring the safe and efficient operation of equipment

Asbestos Insulating Blankets and Mats: Asbestos insulating blankets and mats were used to wrap pipes, boilers, and other equipment to retain heat and improve energy efficiency. These products also served as protective barriers, reducing the risk of burns for workers who came into contact with hot surfaces. The flexibility of asbestos fibers allowed these blankets and mats to be easily shaped and applied to various equipment configurations

Asbestos Cement Boards: Asbestos cement boards, also known as transite boards, were used as heat shields and protective barriers in steel plants. These boards were installed around furnaces, kilns, and other high-temperature equipment to protect workers and nearby structures from radiant heat. Additionally, asbestos cement boards were used to construct partitions, walls, and ceilings in areas where fire resistance and thermal insulation were critical

Asbestos Brake Linings and Clutch Facings: In steel plants, heavy machinery such as cranes, hoists, and conveyors relied on asbestos-based brake linings and clutch facings to control motion and ensure safe operation. Asbestos was used in these components because of its ability to withstand friction and high temperatures without losing effectiveness. These materials were critical for maintaining the safety and efficiency of industrial equipment in steel production facilities.

Asbestos Pipe Insulation: Pipes carrying steam, hot water, and other high-temperature fluids in steel plants were often insulated with asbestos to prevent heat loss and protect workers from burns. Asbestos pipe insulation was typically applied in the form of pre-formed sections, wraps, or coatings. This insulation not only improved energy efficiency but also reduced the risk of condensation and corrosion in the piping systems

Companies That Manufactured Asbestos Products

Several companies were involved in producing asbestos-containing materials for the iron and steel industry. These include:

Johns-Manville Corporation: Johns-Manville Corporation was a leading producer of asbestos-containing materials specifically designed for the iron and steel industry. The company manufactured asbestos furnace insulation, which was essential for maintaining high-temperature operations in steel plants. Additionally, Johns-Manville supplied asbestos gaskets that were used to seal joints and prevent leaks in high-pressure and high-temperature environments, ensuring the efficiency and safety of steel production processes. Their fireproofing materials, which incorporated asbestos for its heat-resistant properties, were also widely utilized to protect structural components and equipment in steel plants from fire hazards.

Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc.: Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc. played a significant role in supplying asbestos products to the iron and steel industry, focusing on high-temperature industrial applications. The company was well-known for its asbestos gaskets, which were critical in maintaining the integrity of equipment operating under extreme heat and pressure. Furthermore, Raybestos-Manhattan produced asbestos-containing protective clothing, such as gloves and aprons, to safeguard workers in steel plants from burns and heat exposure. These products were indispensable in environments where molten steel and high-temperature furnaces posed significant risks to worker safety.

Eagle-Picher Industries: Eagle-Picher Industries was another prominent supplier of asbestos materials for the iron and steel industry. The company provided asbestos insulation, which was used to line furnaces and other high-temperature equipment, ensuring energy efficiency and operational stability. Eagle-Picher also manufactured asbestos cement boards, which were utilized in steel production facilities for their durability and resistance to heat and fire. These boards were often employed as structural components or as protective barriers in areas exposed to intense heat, making them a vital part of steel manufacturing operations.

Keasbey & Mattison Co.: Keasbey & Mattison Co. was well-regarded for its asbestos fireproofing materials and insulation products tailored to the needs of the iron and steel industry. Their fireproofing materials were used to protect critical infrastructure in steel plants from fire damage, while their insulation products helped maintain the high temperatures required for steel production. Keasbey & Mattison’s expertise in developing asbestos-based solutions made their products a staple in the industry, particularly in applications where heat resistance and fire protection were paramount.

Armstrong World Industries: Armstrong World Industries contributed to the iron and steel industry by producing asbestos-containing cement boards and insulation materials. These products were widely used in steel manufacturing facilities to insulate furnaces, pipes, and other equipment exposed to extreme heat. The cement boards, in particular, were valued for their strength, durability, and ability to withstand high temperatures, making them an essential component in the construction and maintenance of steel production infrastructure. Armstrong’s asbestos materials played a crucial role in ensuring the efficiency and safety of steel manufacturing operations.

The use of asbestos in the iron and steel industry was driven by its ability to withstand extreme heat and provide fire protection. However, the health risks associated with asbestos exposure have led to its replacement with safer alternatives in modern steel production processes.

Learn more about the kinds of products that were made with asbestos.

Iron and Steel Workers are at Risk of Asbestos-Related Diseases

Iron and steel workers, particularly those involved in the manufacturing, maintenance, and repair of equipment and facilities, face a significant risk of asbestos exposure. Historically, asbestos was extensively used in the iron and steel industry due to its exceptional heat resistance, fireproofing capabilities, and durability. Medical research has conclusively demonstrated that asbestos exposure can lead to the following health complications:

Mesothelioma – Iron and steel workers are at an elevated risk of developing mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive cancer, due to inhaling airborne asbestos fibers. These fibers were often released from asbestos-containing materials such as furnace linings, refractory bricks, and insulation used in high-temperature equipment .

Lung Cancer – The operation and maintenance of furnaces, boilers, and other high-temperature equipment frequently involved disturbing asbestos-containing materials. This disturbance released asbestos fibers into the air, significantly increasing the risk of lung cancer for workers who inhaled them. For decades, the industry relied heavily on asbestos without fully disclosing its dangers, leaving workers vulnerable .

Throat Cancer – Inhalation or ingestion of asbestos fibers during tasks such as cutting, grinding, or repairing asbestos-containing components could lead to cancers of the larynx and pharynx. Insufficient protective measures in the past further exacerbated this risk for iron and steel workers .

Stomach Cancer – Workers could inadvertently ingest asbestos fibers, particularly if they ate in contaminated areas or failed to clean up properly before meals. This exposure has been linked to an increased risk of stomach cancer. Poor hygiene practices and inadequate dust control measures in the iron and steel industry contributed to this risk .

Colon Cancer – Known as colorectal cancer, this condition may result from ingesting asbestos fibers. Workers in the iron and steel industry were often exposed to asbestos, which could contribute to the development of this type of cancer .

Asbestosis – This chronic lung disease, caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers, leads to scarring of lung tissue and significant breathing difficulties. Asbestosis is a direct result of prolonged exposure to asbestos in the workplace, particularly during the handling of asbestos-containing insulation and refractory materials .

Iron and steel workers played a critical role in the production and maintenance of essential infrastructure and equipment. However, the nature of their work placed them at significant risk of asbestos exposure. Modern safety protocols, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), proper ventilation, and strict adherence to asbestos abatement regulations, are essential to protect workers from the long-term health effects of asbestos exposure.

Learn more about the diseases asbestos can cause.

Asbestos Exposure in the Iron and Steel Industry

The iron and steel industry extensively used asbestos due to its heat resistance, durability, and insulating properties, which were essential in high-temperature environments. Workers in this industry were frequently exposed to asbestos during the operation, maintenance, and repair of equipment and facilities that utilized asbestos-containing materials (ACMs). These tasks often released asbestos fibers into the air, posing significant health risks.

Key tasks that exposed iron and steel workers to asbestos included:

Furnace and Kiln Operations: Workers operating or maintaining blast furnaces, kilns, and other high-temperature equipment were exposed to asbestos used in insulation, refractory linings, and fireproofing materials. Repairing or replacing these materials often disturbed asbestos fibers.
Pipe Insulation: Installing, maintaining, or removing asbestos-containing insulation on steam pipes, hot water pipes, and other high-temperature conduits was a common source of exposure. Cutting or stripping insulation released asbestos dust into the air.
Machinery Maintenance: Repairing or replacing asbestos-containing gaskets, seals, and packing materials in industrial machinery, such as pumps, valves, and boilers, exposed workers to asbestos fibers. These materials were widely used to prevent leaks and withstand high heat.
Construction and Demolition: Building or renovating iron and steel facilities often involved working with asbestos-containing cement, roofing, and fireproofing materials. Demolition of older facilities released significant amounts of asbestos fibers into the environment.
Cleaning and Housekeeping: Workers tasked with cleaning up debris or dust in areas where asbestos-containing materials were used or disturbed were at risk of secondary exposure. Sweeping or handling contaminated waste could stir up asbestos fibers.
Even workers who were not directly handling asbestos-containing materials, such as those working near high-heat equipment or in shared workspaces, were at risk of secondary exposure due to airborne asbestos fibers.

The risk of take-home exposure was a serious concern for iron and steel workers. Asbestos fibers often adhered to workers’ clothing, shoes, and tools, allowing them to unknowingly bring these hazardous fibers into their homes. Family members could be exposed through activities such as shaking out or laundering contaminated work clothes, which released asbestos fibers into the air. This secondary exposure placed workers’ loved ones at risk of developing asbestos-related diseases, such as mesothelioma and asbestosis, highlighting the far-reaching dangers of asbestos in the iron and steel industry.

Our Law Firm Assists Iron & Steel Industry Workers with Asbestos-Related Conditions

Iron and steel industry workers were frequently exposed to asbestos while working in mills, foundries, and industrial plants. Asbestos was commonly used in high-temperature environments to insulate furnaces, pipes, and heavy machinery, as well as in protective clothing worn by workers. Unfortunately, prolonged exposure to asbestos fibers has led many workers to develop serious diseases such as mesothelioma, lung cancer, and asbestosis. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with an asbestos-related illness, you may be entitled to compensation. Our law firm is committed to guiding iron and steelworkers and their families through the legal process, providing comprehensive support in the following areas:

Asbestos Trust Claims
Many manufacturers and suppliers of asbestos-containing materials used in the iron and steel industry have established trust funds to compensate workers diagnosed with asbestos-related diseases. Filing a claim with these trusts does not require a lawsuit and can provide financial relief for medical expenses, lost wages, and other costs. Our legal team can help determine your eligibility and ensure you receive the compensation you deserve.

Asbestos Lawsuits
Companies that produced, supplied, or installed asbestos-containing materials used in iron and steel mills can be held accountable through legal action. Workers who were exposed to asbestos while operating furnaces, handling insulation, or maintaining industrial equipment may be eligible to file a lawsuit. Compensation from these lawsuits can help cover medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages. Our experienced attorneys are dedicated to fighting for the rights of iron and steel industry workers.

Asbestos Disability Claims
Workers diagnosed with asbestos-related conditions may qualify for Social Security disability benefits if their illness prevents them from working. Additionally, veterans who were exposed to asbestos while working in military shipyards, steel mills, or defense-related manufacturing may be eligible for veterans’ disability benefits. These claims provide essential financial support for affected individuals and their families.