Shipyard

Introduction to Asbestos Use in the Shipyard Industry

The shipyard industry has long been a cornerstone of global trade, defense, and transportation, constructing and maintaining vessels that navigate the world’s oceans. From massive cargo ships to naval fleets, shipyards have historically relied on advanced materials to ensure the safety, durability, and efficiency of their vessels. During the 20th century, the rapid expansion of shipbuilding, particularly during wartime, demanded materials that could withstand extreme conditions, including high heat, fire, and corrosion. Asbestos emerged as a critical material in shipyards, becoming integral to the construction and maintenance of ships and their components.

Shipyards were bustling hubs of activity, employing thousands of workers in roles ranging from welding and machining to insulation and painting. However, the widespread use of asbestos in shipbuilding exposed workers to significant health risks. Over time, the shipyard industry became one of the most heavily associated with asbestos-related diseases, as the material’s hazardous fibers were released during installation, maintenance, and repair activities.

Why Asbestos Was Used in the Shipyard Industry

Asbestos was extensively used in the shipyard industry due to its remarkable heat resistance, fireproofing capabilities, and durability. Ships, particularly those with steam or diesel engines, required materials that could endure high temperatures and prevent the spread of fire in confined spaces. Asbestos was used to insulate boilers, pipes, and engine rooms, providing essential thermal protection and reducing the risk of onboard fires. Additionally, asbestos-containing materials were applied to bulkheads, ceilings, and walls to enhance fire resistance throughout the ship.

The versatility of asbestos also made it a preferred choice for gaskets, seals, and other components exposed to heat and pressure. Its affordability and availability further solidified its role in shipbuilding, especially during periods of high demand, such as World War II. However, the very properties that made asbestos valuable also posed significant health risks. Workers who installed or removed asbestos-containing materials were often exposed to airborne fibers, leading to long-term health consequences such as asbestosis and mesothelioma. Today, the shipyard industry has largely transitioned to safer alternatives, but the legacy of asbestos use remains a critical chapter in its history.

Types of Asbestos Used in the Industry

The shipyard industry extensively utilized asbestos fibers due to their exceptional heat resistance, durability, and insulating properties, which were critical for the construction and maintenance of ships:

Chrysotile (White Asbestos): Chrysotile was the most commonly used type of asbestos in shipyards. Its flexibility and ability to be woven into textiles made it ideal for use in gaskets, seals, and insulation for pipes and boilers. It was also used in fireproofing materials to protect ship components from high temperatures and potential fire hazards.

Amosite (Brown Asbestos): Amosite was valued for its superior heat resistance and strength, making it suitable for high-temperature applications. It was frequently used in thermal insulation for boilers, steam pipes, and engine rooms, where extreme heat was a constant concern.

Crocidolite (Blue Asbestos): Crocidolite was occasionally used in shipyards for its exceptional chemical resistance and ability to withstand harsh marine environments. It was often found in spray-on insulation, cement products, and protective coatings applied to ship structures.

The shipyard industry relied heavily on asbestos to ensure the safety and efficiency of ship operations. However, the health risks associated with asbestos exposure have led to its replacement with safer materials in modern shipbuilding and maintenance practices.

Common Types of Asbestos Products in the Shipyard Industry

The shipyard industry extensively used asbestos due to its exceptional resistance to heat, fire, and corrosion, making it ideal for maritime environments. Asbestos-containing materials were critical in ship construction, repair, and maintenance, particularly for fireproofing and insulation. Common types of asbestos products used in the shipyard industry include:

Asbestos Insulation: In the shipyard industry, asbestos insulation was a critical material applied extensively to pipes, boilers, and engine rooms. Its primary purpose was to prevent heat loss, ensuring energy efficiency in ship operations, while also serving as a protective barrier against fire hazards. The insulation’s ability to withstand high temperatures made it indispensable in the confined and high-risk environments of ships, where managing heat and fire safety was paramount. This application was particularly vital in engine rooms and boiler systems, where extreme heat was a constant factor, and the risk of fire posed a significant threat to both the vessel and its crew.

Asbestos Fireproofing Sprays: Asbestos fireproofing sprays were another essential product in shipbuilding, used to coat bulkheads, deckheads, and other structural components. These sprays enhanced the fire resistance of ships, providing a critical layer of protection in the event of onboard fires. By applying asbestos fireproofing to key structural areas, shipbuilders ensured that the vessel could withstand high temperatures and delay the spread of fire, giving crew members more time to respond to emergencies. This application was particularly important in passenger ships and naval vessels, where fire safety was a top priority due to the potential for significant loss of life and property.

Asbestos Gaskets and Seals: Asbestos gaskets and seals were widely installed in ship engines, pumps, and valves to ensure leak-proof operation under high temperatures and pressures. These components were essential for maintaining the integrity of steam, fuel, and water systems, which were critical to the ship’s functionality. The heat resistance and durability of asbestos made it an ideal material for gaskets and seals, as it could withstand the extreme conditions found in marine environments. These products played a vital role in preventing leaks and ensuring the safe and efficient operation of ship machinery.

Asbestos Cement Products: Asbestos cement products were also heavily utilized in the construction of ship interiors, including panels, tiles, and pipes. These materials were valued for their durability, fire resistance, and versatility, making them suitable for a wide range of applications within the ship. Asbestos cement panels and tiles were commonly used in living quarters, kitchens, and other interior spaces, providing a fireproof and long-lasting solution for shipbuilders. Additionally, asbestos cement pipes were used in plumbing systems, where their resistance to corrosion and high temperatures ensured reliable performance over time.

Asbestos Packing Materials: Asbestos packing materials were employed in pumps and valves to prevent leaks of steam, water, and fuel. These materials were particularly effective in sealing moving parts, such as valve stems and pump shafts, where maintaining a tight seal was critical to the ship’s operation. The flexibility and heat resistance of asbestos packing materials allowed them to perform reliably under the demanding conditions of marine environments, ensuring the safe and efficient functioning of essential ship systems. This application was crucial for minimizing the risk of leaks and maintaining the overall safety and performance of the vessel.

Companies That Manufactured Asbestos Products

Several companies were prominent in producing asbestos-containing materials for the shipyard industry. These include:

Johns-Manville Corporation: The Johns-Manville Corporation was a leading supplier of asbestos-containing materials for the shipyard industry, playing a pivotal role in shipbuilding and repair. The company provided a wide range of asbestos products, including insulation, fireproofing sprays, and gaskets, which were essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of maritime operations. Johns-Manville’s asbestos insulation was extensively used to line pipes, boilers, and engine rooms, offering superior heat resistance and fire protection. Their fireproofing sprays were applied to structural components such as bulkheads and deckheads, enhancing the fire resistance of ships. Additionally, the company’s asbestos gaskets were critical for maintaining leak-proof systems in ship engines, pumps, and valves, ensuring reliable performance under high temperatures and pressures.

Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc.: Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc. was another prominent manufacturer of asbestos products for the maritime industry, particularly known for its production of gaskets, seals, and brake components. These products were integral to the operation and safety of ships, as they provided durable and heat-resistant solutions for sealing and braking systems. Raybestos-Manhattan’s asbestos gaskets and seals were widely used in ship engines, pumps, and valves, where their ability to withstand extreme conditions ensured the integrity of critical systems. The company also supplied asbestos brake components, which were essential for the safe operation of ship machinery and vehicles used in shipyards. Their expertise in producing high-quality asbestos materials made them a trusted name in the shipbuilding sector.

Keasbey & Mattison Co.: Keasbey & Mattison Co. was a key player in the production of asbestos insulation and cement products for ship construction and maintenance. The company’s asbestos insulation was highly valued for its ability to prevent heat loss and protect against fire hazards, making it a staple in shipyards. Keasbey & Mattison also manufactured asbestos cement products, such as panels and tiles, which were used in the construction of ship interiors. These materials provided a durable and fire-resistant solution for various applications, including living quarters and structural components. Their contributions to the shipyard industry were significant, as their products helped enhance the safety and longevity of ships.

Turner & Newall, Ltd.: Turner & Newall, Ltd., a British company, was a major supplier of asbestos cement panels and insulation materials for shipyard operations. Their asbestos cement panels were widely used in ship interiors, offering a fireproof and durable option for construction. Turner & Newall also provided asbestos insulation materials, which were essential for protecting pipes, boilers, and engine rooms from heat and fire risks. The company’s extensive manufacturing capabilities and expertise in asbestos products made them a leading choice for shipbuilders, particularly in regions where their operations were well-established. Their contributions to the shipyard industry underscored the global reliance on asbestos materials during the height of its use.

Philip Carey Manufacturing Co.: Philip Carey Manufacturing Co. specialized in producing asbestos insulation and fireproofing materials for the shipbuilding industry. Their insulation products were extensively used to line pipes, boilers, and other high-temperature areas, ensuring energy efficiency and fire safety. The company also supplied fireproofing materials that were applied to structural components of ships, such as bulkheads and deckheads, to enhance their resistance to fire. Philip Carey’s focus on high-quality asbestos materials made them a significant contributor to the shipyard industry, where their products were relied upon to meet the demanding safety and performance standards of maritime operations.

The shipyard industry’s reliance on asbestos was driven by the need for materials that could withstand the harsh conditions of maritime environments. However, the health risks associated with asbestos exposure have led to its replacement with safer alternatives in modern shipbuilding and repair practices.

Shipyard Workers are at Risk of Asbestos-Related Diseases

Shipyard workers, particularly those involved in the construction, repair, and dismantling of ships, face a significant risk of asbestos exposure. Historically, asbestos was extensively used in the shipbuilding industry due to its exceptional heat resistance, durability, and insulating properties. Medical research has conclusively demonstrated that asbestos exposure can lead to the following health complications:

Mesothelioma: Shipyard workers are at an elevated risk of developing mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive cancer, due to inhaling airborne asbestos fibers. These fibers were often released from asbestos-containing insulation, fireproofing materials, and other components used in ship construction and repair.

Lung Cancer: The repair and maintenance of ships frequently involved disturbing asbestos-containing materials, such as insulation, gaskets, and fireproofing. This disturbance released asbestos fibers into the air, significantly increasing the risk of lung cancer for workers who inhaled them. For decades, the shipbuilding industry relied heavily on asbestos without fully disclosing its dangers, leaving workers vulnerable.

Throat Cancer: Inhalation or ingestion of asbestos fibers during tasks such as dismantling or repairing ships could lead to cancers of the larynx and pharynx. Insufficient protective measures in the past further exacerbated this risk for shipyard workers.

Stomach Cancer: Workers could inadvertently ingest asbestos fibers, particularly if they ate in contaminated areas or failed to clean up properly before meals. This exposure has been linked to an increased risk of stomach cancer. Contaminated work environments and asbestos-laden dust in shipyards contributed to this risk.

Colon Cancer: Known as colorectal cancer, this condition may result from ingesting asbestos fibers. Workers in shipbuilding and repair were often exposed to asbestos during the handling of materials, equipment maintenance, or facility renovations, which could contribute to the development of this type of cancer.

Asbestosis: This chronic lung disease, caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers, leads to scarring of lung tissue and significant breathing difficulties. Asbestosis is a direct result of prolonged exposure to asbestos, which was prevalent in shipyards due to the extensive use of asbestos-containing materials in high-temperature and high-pressure systems.

The legacy of asbestos use in the shipbuilding industry continues to pose risks, particularly during the maintenance or demolition of older ships and shipyard facilities. Modern safety protocols, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), proper ventilation, and strict adherence to asbestos abatement regulations, are essential to protect workers from the long-term health effects of asbestos exposure.

Learn more about the diseases asbestos can cause.

Asbestos Exposure in the Shipyard Industry

The shipyard industry was one of the largest consumers of asbestos due to its exceptional heat resistance, durability, and insulating properties. Asbestos was widely used in ship construction, repair, and maintenance, particularly in areas where fireproofing and thermal insulation were critical. Shipyard workers were frequently exposed to asbestos during their daily tasks or while working near others handling asbestos-containing materials.

Key tasks that exposed shipyard workers to asbestos included:

Insulation Installation and Removal: Asbestos was extensively used to insulate pipes, boilers, and engines aboard ships. Workers installing, maintaining, or removing this insulation were directly exposed to asbestos fibers, especially during demolition or repair work.

Fireproofing Applications: Asbestos was applied as a fireproofing material in various parts of ships, including bulkheads, ceilings, and walls. Workers applying or removing fireproofing materials were at high risk of inhaling asbestos dust.

Machinery Maintenance and Repair: Ship machinery, such as turbines, pumps, and compressors, often contained asbestos gaskets, seals, and packing materials. Mechanics repairing or replacing these components were exposed to asbestos fibers during handling or removal.

Welding and Cutting Operations: Welders and cutters working on ships often disturbed asbestos-containing materials, such as insulation or fireproofing, releasing fibers into the air.

Demolition and Shipbreaking: Workers dismantling old ships or removing outdated equipment frequently encountered asbestos-containing materials, which were often in deteriorated and friable conditions, increasing the risk of airborne fiber release.

Electrical Work: Electricians working on ships were exposed to asbestos in electrical insulation, cable coverings, and switchboards. Cutting or stripping these materials released asbestos fibers into the air.

Proximity to Asbestos Work: Even workers not directly handling asbestos-containing materials were at risk of exposure if they worked near others performing tasks that released asbestos fibers. Poor ventilation in confined ship spaces, such as engine rooms or below-deck areas, often heightened the risk.

The risk of take-home exposure was a significant concern for shipyard workers. Asbestos fibers could cling to workers’ clothing, hair, and tools, allowing them to unknowingly transport the hazardous material into their homes. Family members were at risk of secondary exposure through activities such as shaking out or laundering contaminated clothing. This type of exposure has been linked to severe health conditions, including mesothelioma, asbestosis, and lung cancer, underscoring the importance of workplace decontamination protocols and protective measures to safeguard both workers and their families.

Our Law Firm Assists Shipyard Workers with Asbestos-Related Conditions

Shipyard workers were frequently exposed to asbestos while constructing, repairing, and maintaining ships. Asbestos was widely used in shipbuilding due to its fire-resistant and insulating properties, making it a common material in boilers, engine rooms, piping, bulkheads, and protective coatings. Unfortunately, prolonged exposure to airborne asbestos fibers has led many shipyard workers to develop serious illnesses such as mesothelioma, lung cancer, and asbestosis. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with an asbestos-related disease, you may be entitled to compensation. Our law firm is committed to guiding shipyard workers and their families through the legal process, providing comprehensive support in the following areas:

Asbestos Trust Claims
Many shipbuilding companies and manufacturers of asbestos-containing materials have established trust funds to compensate shipyard workers diagnosed with asbestos-related diseases. Filing a claim with these trusts does not require a lawsuit and can provide financial relief for medical expenses, lost wages, and other costs. Our legal team can help determine your eligibility and ensure you receive the compensation you deserve.

Asbestos Lawsuits
Manufacturers and suppliers of asbestos-containing materials used in ship construction and repair can be held accountable through legal action. Workers exposed to asbestos while working in confined ship spaces, handling insulation, cutting asbestos-containing materials, or repairing naval vessels may be eligible to file a lawsuit. Compensation from these lawsuits can help cover medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages. Our experienced attorneys are dedicated to fighting for the rights of shipyard industry workers.

Asbestos Disability Claims
Workers diagnosed with asbestos-related conditions may qualify for Social Security disability benefits if their illness prevents them from working. Additionally, veterans who were exposed to asbestos while serving in Navy shipyards or working on military vessels may be eligible for veterans’ disability benefits. These claims provide essential financial support for affected individuals and their families.