Textile

Introduction to Asbestos Use in the Textile Industry

The textile industry has historically been a vital sector, producing fabrics and materials for clothing, industrial applications, and specialized uses. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the industry expanded rapidly, driven by technological advancements and the demand for innovative materials. Among these materials, asbestos found a unique niche due to its exceptional properties. Asbestos fibers were spun and woven into textiles, creating products that were not only durable but also resistant to heat and fire. These asbestos textiles were used in a variety of applications, ranging from protective clothing to industrial insulation.

The production of asbestos textiles required specialized machinery and techniques to handle the unique characteristics of asbestos fibers. Despite the challenges, the industry thrived, with asbestos textiles becoming a staple in sectors such as construction, shipbuilding, and firefighting. However, the widespread use of asbestos in textile manufacturing also exposed workers to significant health risks, as the fibers could become airborne during spinning, weaving, and cutting processes.

Why Asbestos Was Used in the Textile Industry

Asbestos was used in the textile industry primarily for its heat resistance, fireproofing capabilities, and durability. These properties made asbestos an ideal material for producing fireproof garments, such as gloves, coats, and helmets, which were essential for workers in high-risk environments like foundries and firefighting. Additionally, asbestos textiles were used in industrial applications, including insulation for machinery, gaskets, and lagging cloth for shipboard packings. The ability of asbestos fibers to withstand extreme temperatures without degrading made them invaluable in these contexts.

Another reason for asbestos’s popularity in textiles was its versatility. It could be blended with other fibers, such as cotton or rayon, to enhance the strength and flexibility of the final product. This allowed manufacturers to create a wide range of asbestos-containing fabrics tailored to specific needs. However, the very processes that made asbestos textiles possible—spinning, weaving, and cutting—also released hazardous fibers into the air, endangering workers’ health. Over time, the health risks associated with asbestos exposure led to a significant decline in its use, and the industry has since transitioned to safer alternatives.

Types of Asbestos Used in the Industry

The textile industry utilized asbestos fibers extensively due to their unique ability to be spun and woven into fabrics, offering exceptional heat resistance and fireproofing properties:

Chrysotile (White Asbestos): Chrysotile was the most commonly used type of asbestos in the textile industry. Its flexibility and fine fibers made it ideal for spinning and weaving into heat-resistant fabrics, such as fireproof clothing, gloves, and curtains. It was also used in the production of insulation tapes, ropes, and other industrial textiles requiring thermal protection.

Amosite (Brown Asbestos): Amosite was occasionally used in the textile industry for its superior heat resistance and strength. It was blended with other fibers to create heavy-duty fabrics for applications like industrial insulation and protective coverings in high-temperature environments.

Crocidolite (Blue Asbestos): Crocidolite was sometimes used in the textile industry for its exceptional fireproofing and chemical resistance. It was incorporated into fireproof safety gear, such as aprons and mittens, and was also used in filters due to its ability to withstand harsh chemical and thermal conditions.

The textile industry relied on asbestos to produce materials that could withstand extreme heat, fire, and chemical exposure, making it indispensable for industrial and safety applications. However, the health risks associated with asbestos exposure have led to the discontinuation of its use in textile manufacturing, with safer alternatives now being employed.

Common Types of Asbestos Products in the Textile Industry

The textile industry utilized asbestos extensively due to its heat resistance, durability, and fireproof qualities. Asbestos fibers were woven into various textile products, which were used in industrial, commercial, and protective applications. Common types of asbestos products in the textile industry include:

Asbestos Cloth: Asbestos cloth was a widely used product in the textile industry, valued for its exceptional fireproofing and heat-resistant properties. This woven fabric was commonly employed in the production of fireproof curtains, such as those used in theaters and industrial facilities, where fire safety was a critical concern. Additionally, asbestos cloth was used to manufacture protective clothing, including aprons, jackets, and gloves, designed to shield workers from extreme heat and potential burns. Its versatility extended to insulation wraps, where it was applied to cover pipes, boilers, and other high-temperature equipment, providing both thermal insulation and fire protection. The durability and adaptability of asbestos cloth made it a cornerstone of asbestos textile applications.

Asbestos Yarn and Thread: Asbestos yarn and thread were essential components in the production of various woven and braided products. These materials were created by spinning asbestos fibers into yarn, which could then be twisted into threads of varying thicknesses and strengths. Asbestos yarn was used to produce ropes and cords, which found applications in industrial settings requiring heat resistance and durability. These ropes and cords were often employed in sealing, packing, and insulation tasks, particularly in environments exposed to high temperatures. The threads were also braided into tapes and other materials used for electrical insulation and fireproofing, further showcasing the versatility of asbestos yarn and thread in the textile industry.

Asbestos Gloves and Protective Gear: Asbestos gloves and other protective gear were specifically designed for workers handling high-temperature materials, such as molten metals or heated machinery. These gloves, often reinforced with asbestos fibers, provided superior heat resistance and protection against burns, making them indispensable in industries like metalworking, glassmaking, and foundries. In addition to gloves, other protective gear, such as mittens, aprons, and sleeves, were manufactured using asbestos textiles to ensure worker safety in hazardous environments. The ability of asbestos to withstand extreme heat without degrading made it a preferred material for such protective equipment.

Asbestos Blankets: Asbestos blankets were another common product in the textile industry, primarily used for fireproofing and thermal insulation in industrial settings. These blankets were made from woven asbestos fibers and were designed to provide a barrier against heat and flames. They were often used in welding operations, where they served as fireproof shields to protect workers and surrounding areas from sparks and molten metal. Additionally, asbestos blankets were employed in emergency situations to smother fires or protect individuals from intense heat. Their effectiveness in resisting high temperatures made them a critical safety tool in various industrial applications.

Asbestos Lagging Cloth: AAsbestos lagging cloth was specifically developed for use in insulating pipes, boilers, and other high-temperature equipment. This cloth was wrapped around these components to retain heat, improve energy efficiency, and prevent heat loss. In shipyards, factories, and power plants, asbestos lagging cloth was a standard material for thermal insulation, as it could withstand prolonged exposure to high temperatures without deteriorating. Its application not only enhanced the performance of industrial systems but also provided an additional layer of fire protection, making it a vital product in the asbestos textile industry.

Companies That Manufactured Asbestos Products Used in the Textile Industry

Several companies were key players in producing asbestos-containing textile products. These include:

Johns-Manville Corporation: The Johns-Manville Corporation was a prominent leader in the production of asbestos-containing textile products, leveraging its extensive expertise in asbestos manufacturing. The company produced a wide range of asbestos textiles, including asbestos cloth, yarn, and protective gear, which were widely used in industrial applications. Johns-Manville’s asbestos cloth was particularly valued for its fireproofing and heat-resistant properties, making it suitable for curtains, insulation wraps, and protective clothing. The company also manufactured asbestos yarn, which was used to create ropes, cords, and other woven products essential for industrial operations. Protective gear, such as gloves and aprons, was another key offering, designed to safeguard workers in high-temperature environments. Johns-Manville’s reputation for quality and innovation made it a cornerstone of the asbestos textile industry.

Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc.: Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc. was another major player in the asbestos textile industry, known for its diverse range of asbestos-containing products. The company specialized in manufacturing asbestos gloves, blankets, and lagging cloth, which were critical for industrial safety and insulation. Raybestos-Manhattan’s asbestos gloves were widely used by workers handling molten metals and other high-temperature materials, providing essential protection against burns. The company’s asbestos blankets served as fireproof shields in welding operations and other industrial settings, while its lagging cloth was applied to pipes and boilers for thermal insulation and heat retention. With manufacturing plants in multiple locations, including Stratford, Connecticut, and Crawfordsville, Indiana, Raybestos-Manhattan played a significant role in meeting the demand for asbestos textiles across various industries.

Keasbey & Mattison Co.: Keasbey & Mattison Co. was a key supplier of asbestos yarns and woven fabrics, catering to a variety of industrial applications. The company focused on producing high-quality asbestos textiles that were used in fireproofing, insulation, and protective gear. Keasbey & Mattison’s asbestos yarns were integral to the creation of ropes, cords, and tapes, which were employed in sealing and packing tasks in high-temperature environments. The company’s woven fabrics, including asbestos cloth, were used for fireproof curtains, insulation wraps, and industrial fabrics. Keasbey & Mattison’s commitment to innovation and quality positioned it as a trusted name in the asbestos textile market, serving industries that required reliable heat-resistant materials.

American Asbestos Textile Corp.: The American Asbestos Textile Corp. specialized in the production of asbestos textiles, with a particular focus on fireproof clothing and industrial fabrics. The company manufactured a range of products, including asbestos cloth and protective gear, designed to meet the needs of industries requiring heat-resistant materials. Fireproof clothing, such as gloves, aprons, and jackets, was a significant part of the company’s offerings, providing essential protection for workers in hazardous environments. Additionally, the American Asbestos Textile Corp. produced industrial fabrics used in insulation and fireproofing applications, contributing to the widespread use of asbestos textiles in various sectors. The company’s specialization in asbestos textiles made it a key player in the industry, addressing the growing demand for durable and heat-resistant materials.

Southern Asbestos Co.: Southern Asbestos Co. was another important manufacturer of asbestos textiles, producing asbestos cloth and other woven products for insulation and protective purposes. The company’s asbestos cloth was widely used in industrial settings for fireproofing and thermal insulation, particularly in applications involving high temperatures. Southern Asbestos Co. also produced woven products, such as tapes and lagging cloth, which were applied to pipes, boilers, and other equipment to enhance energy efficiency and provide fire protection. The company’s focus on quality and functionality ensured that its asbestos textiles met the rigorous demands of industrial use, solidifying its position as a significant contributor to the asbestos textile industry.

The textile industry’s use of asbestos was widespread due to the material’s unique properties, which made it ideal for high-temperature and fireproof applications. However, as the health risks of asbestos exposure became evident, the industry transitioned to safer alternatives to protect workers and consumers.

Textile Workers are at Risk of Asbestos-Related Diseases

Textile workers, particularly those involved in the manufacturing, spinning, weaving, and processing of asbestos-containing fabrics, face a significant risk of asbestos exposure. Historically, asbestos was extensively used in the textile industry due to its exceptional heat resistance, durability, and fireproofing properties. Medical research has conclusively demonstrated that asbestos exposure can lead to the following health complications:

Mesothelioma: Textile workers are at an elevated risk of developing mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive cancer, due to inhaling airborne asbestos fibers. These fibers were often released during the spinning, weaving, and cutting of asbestos-containing threads and fabrics, which created significant dust in the workplace .

Lung Cancer: The handling and processing of asbestos fibers in textile manufacturing frequently disturbed the material, releasing asbestos fibers into the air. Workers who inhaled these fibers faced a significantly increased risk of lung cancer. For decades, the dangers of asbestos exposure were not fully disclosed, leaving textile workers vulnerable to this serious health risk.

Throat Cancer: Inhalation or ingestion of asbestos fibers during tasks such as spinning or weaving asbestos-containing textiles could lead to cancers of the larynx and pharynx. Poor ventilation and insufficient protective measures in textile factories further exacerbated this risk for workers.

Stomach Cancer: Workers could inadvertently ingest asbestos fibers, particularly if they ate in contaminated areas or failed to clean up properly before meals. This exposure has been linked to an increased risk of stomach cancer. The dusty environment in textile factories contributed to this risk.

Colon Cancer: Known as colorectal cancer, this condition may result from ingesting asbestos fibers. Textile workers were often exposed to asbestos during the handling and processing of raw asbestos fibers, which could contribute to the development of this type of cancer.

Asbestosis: This chronic lung disease, caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers, leads to scarring of lung tissue and significant breathing difficulties. Asbestosis was a common occupational hazard for textile workers who were exposed to high levels of airborne asbestos dust during the manufacturing process.

The legacy of asbestos use in the textile industry continues to pose risks, particularly during the handling of older asbestos-containing fabrics or during the demolition of facilities where asbestos was processed. Modern safety protocols, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), proper ventilation, and strict adherence to asbestos abatement regulations, are essential to protect workers from the long-term health effects of asbestos exposure.

Learn more about the diseases asbestos can cause.

Asbestos Exposure in the Textile Industry

The textile industry was a significant user of asbestos, particularly in the production of heat-resistant and durable fabrics. Asbestos fibers were woven into textiles to create products such as fireproof clothing, insulation materials, conveyor belts, and industrial curtains. Workers in asbestos textile mills and factories were frequently exposed to asbestos during various stages of production, as well as through proximity to others handling asbestos-containing materials.

Key tasks that exposed textile workers to asbestos included:

Carding and Spinning: Asbestos fibers were carded (combed) and spun into yarns, a process that generated large amounts of airborne asbestos dust. Workers operating or maintaining carding and spinning machines were at high risk of inhaling these fibers.
Weaving and Loom Operation: Asbestos yarns were woven into fabrics using looms. The friction and movement of the fibers during weaving often released asbestos particles into the air, exposing loom operators and nearby workers.
Cutting and Sewing: Workers cutting asbestos textiles to size or sewing them into finished products, such as gloves, blankets, or gaskets, were exposed to fibers released during these processes.
Blending and Mixing: Asbestos was often blended with other fibers to create specific textile products. Workers involved in mixing asbestos with other materials were exposed to airborne fibers during handling and processing.
Maintenance of Machinery: Textile machinery used in asbestos production often contained asbestos components, such as gaskets, seals, and insulation. Maintenance workers repairing or replacing these parts were at risk of exposure.
Packaging and Handling Finished Products: Workers packaging asbestos textiles or handling finished products could disturb fibers, especially if the materials were friable or damaged.
Proximity to Asbestos Work: Even workers not directly involved in handling asbestos were at risk of exposure if they worked near others performing tasks that released asbestos fibers. Poor ventilation in textile mills often exacerbated this risk.
The risk of take-home exposure was a serious concern for workers in the asbestos textile industry. Asbestos fibers could easily adhere to workers’ clothing, hair, and skin, allowing them to unknowingly bring the hazardous material into their homes. Family members were at risk of secondary exposure through activities such as shaking out or laundering contaminated clothing. This type of exposure has been linked to severe health conditions, including mesothelioma, asbestosis, and lung cancer, highlighting the importance of workplace decontamination measures and protective equipment to protect both workers and their families.

Our Law Firm Assists Textile Industry Workers with Asbestos-Related Conditions

Workers in the textile industry were frequently exposed to asbestos while manufacturing, processing, and handling asbestos-containing fabrics and machinery. Asbestos was commonly used in fire-resistant textiles, protective clothing, and heat-resistant industrial fabrics, as well as in insulation materials for textile mills. The airborne fibers from asbestos-containing threads, woven materials, and machinery components placed many textile workers at risk of inhaling dangerous asbestos dust, leading to illnesses such as mesothelioma, lung cancer, and asbestosis. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with an asbestos-related disease, you may be entitled to compensation.

Our law firm is committed to guiding textile industry workers and their families through the legal process, providing comprehensive support in the following areas:

Asbestos Trust Claims
Many textile manufacturers and suppliers of asbestos-containing materials have established trust funds to compensate workers diagnosed with asbestos-related diseases. Filing a claim with these trusts does not require a lawsuit and can provide financial relief for medical expenses, lost wages, and other costs. Our legal team can help determine your eligibility and ensure you receive the compensation you deserve.

Asbestos Lawsuits
Manufacturers and suppliers of asbestos-containing textiles and equipment can be held accountable through legal action. Textile workers exposed to asbestos while handling fireproof fabrics, operating industrial looms, or working in factories with asbestos insulation may be eligible to file a lawsuit. Compensation from these lawsuits can help cover medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages. Our experienced attorneys are dedicated to fighting for the rights of textile industry workers.

Asbestos Disability Claims
Workers diagnosed with asbestos-related conditions may qualify for Social Security disability benefits if their illness prevents them from working. Additionally, veterans who were exposed to asbestos while working in military uniform production, industrial textile mills, or defense-related manufacturing may be eligible for veterans’ disability benefits. These claims provide essential financial support for affected individuals and their families.