Tire & Rubber

The tire and rubber industry historically depended heavily on asbestos due to its unique physical and chemical properties, which made it an ideal material for addressing the demanding requirements of this sector. Asbestos was valued for its heat resistance, durability, flexibility, and ability to withstand high friction and extreme conditions. These characteristics made asbestos a critical component in the manufacturing and maintenance of rubber products, particularly during the 20th century when the industry was rapidly expanding to meet the needs of automotive, industrial, and consumer markets.

Why Asbestos Was Used in the Tire and Rubber Industry

The tire and rubber industry operates under conditions that involve high temperatures, intense friction, and exposure to chemicals and mechanical stress. Asbestos, with its natural resistance to heat, fire, and chemical degradation, was a logical choice for many applications. Its fibrous structure provided excellent reinforcement when combined with rubber compounds, enhancing the strength, durability, and performance of finished products. These properties made asbestos indispensable in the production of critical components, especially during the mid-20th century when the demand for durable and high-performance rubber products was at its peak.

Types of Asbestos Used in the Industry

The tire and rubber industry primarily utilized two types of asbestos:

Chrysotile (White Asbestos): Chrysotile was the most commonly used type of asbestos in the industry due to its flexibility and ability to be mixed with rubber compounds. It was often used in applications requiring heat resistance and reinforcement, such as in conveyor belts and industrial hoses.

Amosite (Brown Asbestos): Amosite was valued for its superior heat resistance and strength, making it suitable for high-temperature applications. It was frequently used in insulation materials for machinery and equipment used in rubber manufacturing.

Common Types of Asbestos Products in the Tire & Rubber Industry

The tire and rubber industry utilized asbestos extensively due to its heat resistance, durability, and ability to withstand friction. These properties made asbestos an essential material in various manufacturing processes and products. Common types of asbestos products used in the tire and rubber industry include:

Asbestos Molds and Press Linings: In the tire and rubber industry, asbestos molds and press linings were integral to the vulcanization process, a critical step in shaping and curing rubber products under high heat and pressure. These molds and linings, made with asbestos due to its exceptional heat resistance and durability, ensured that rubber products maintained their desired shape and structural integrity during the curing process. The use of asbestos in this capacity allowed for consistent and efficient production, as the material could withstand the extreme temperatures and pressures involved without degrading. This made asbestos molds and press linings a staple in rubber manufacturing plants, particularly during the peak years of asbestos use.

Asbestos Insulation Materials: Asbestos insulation materials were widely applied to machinery and equipment in the tire and rubber industry to protect against the intense heat generated during rubber processing. Equipment such as mixers, extruders, and vulcanizers often operated at high temperatures, and asbestos insulation was used to prevent heat loss, improve energy efficiency, and protect workers from accidental burns. The insulating properties of asbestos also helped to maintain stable operating conditions, ensuring the machinery functioned optimally without overheating. This application of asbestos was critical in maintaining safety and efficiency in rubber manufacturing facilities.

Asbestos Conveyor Belts: Asbestos conveyor belts were another common product used in the tire and rubber industry, particularly for transporting hot rubber materials within manufacturing plants. These belts, reinforced with asbestos fibers, were valued for their ability to withstand high temperatures and resist wear and tear from the heavy loads they carried. The heat-resistant properties of asbestos ensured that the conveyor belts could handle freshly processed rubber, which was often still hot from the vulcanization process, without compromising their structural integrity. This made asbestos conveyor belts an essential component in the streamlined operation of rubber manufacturing plants.

Asbestos Gaskets and Seals: Asbestos gaskets and seals were extensively used in rubber processing equipment to ensure leak-proof operation under high temperatures and pressures. These components were critical in maintaining the efficiency and safety of machinery such as vulcanizers and mixers, where the containment of heat and pressure was essential for proper functioning. The durability and heat resistance of asbestos made it an ideal material for gaskets and seals, as it could endure the harsh conditions of rubber manufacturing without deteriorating. This application of asbestos contributed significantly to the reliability and longevity of rubber processing equipment.

Asbestos Protective Clothing: Asbestos gaskets and seals were extensively used in rubber processing equipment to ensure leak-proof operation under high temperatures and pressures. These components were critical in maintaining the efficiency and safety of machinery such as vulcanizers and mixers, where the containment of heat and pressure was essential for proper functioning. The durability and heat resistance of asbestos made it an ideal material for gaskets and seals, as it could endure the harsh conditions of rubber manufacturing without deteriorating. This application of asbestos contributed significantly to the reliability and longevity of rubber processing equipment.

Companies That Manufactured Asbestos Products

Several companies were involved in producing asbestos-containing materials for the tire and rubber industry. These include:

Johns-Manville Corporation: Johns-Manville Corporation was a prominent producer of asbestos-containing materials, including insulation and gaskets, which were widely used in the tire and rubber industry. The company’s asbestos insulation was applied to machinery and equipment to protect against the intense heat generated during rubber processing, ensuring operational efficiency and worker safety. Additionally, Johns-Manville’s asbestos gaskets were integral to rubber manufacturing equipment, providing reliable sealing solutions that could withstand the high temperatures and pressures involved in processes like vulcanization. The company’s extensive product line and reputation for quality made it a key supplier to the rubber industry during the height of asbestos use.

Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc.: Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc. was another major player in the production of asbestos-containing materials for the tire and rubber industry. The company specialized in manufacturing asbestos brake linings and other friction materials, which were essential components in rubber-related machinery. These materials were valued for their durability and heat resistance, making them ideal for use in high-temperature environments. Raybestos-Manhattan’s products not only enhanced the performance of rubber manufacturing equipment but also contributed to the overall efficiency and safety of industrial operations. Their expertise in friction materials positioned them as a significant supplier to the rubber industry.

Eagle-Picher Industries: Eagle-Picher Industries played a crucial role in supplying asbestos insulation and press linings for high-temperature rubber processing. Their asbestos insulation was used to protect machinery and equipment from heat, while their press linings were integral to the vulcanization process, where rubber products were shaped and cured under extreme conditions. Eagle-Picher’s products were known for their reliability and effectiveness, making them a trusted name in the rubber industry. The company’s focus on high-performance asbestos materials ensured that their products met the demanding requirements of rubber manufacturing facilities.

Keasbey & Mattison Co.: Keasbey & Mattison Co. was well-known for its production of asbestos gaskets and insulation materials, which found extensive use in industrial applications, including the tire and rubber industry. Their asbestos gaskets provided leak-proof sealing solutions for rubber processing equipment, while their insulation materials helped maintain stable operating conditions by protecting machinery from heat. Keasbey & Mattison’s products were highly regarded for their quality and performance, making them a preferred choice for rubber manufacturers seeking reliable and durable asbestos-based solutions.

Palmer Asbestos & Rubber Co.: Palmer Asbestos & Rubber Co. specialized in creating asbestos-based products tailored specifically for the rubber industry. Their offerings included gaskets and protective materials designed to withstand the high temperatures and pressures of rubber manufacturing processes. Palmer’s expertise in combining asbestos with rubber materials allowed them to develop innovative solutions that met the unique needs of the industry. Their products not only enhanced the efficiency of rubber processing but also contributed to worker safety by providing heat-resistant protective gear. This specialization made Palmer Asbestos & Rubber Co. a key supplier to the tire and rubber industry.

The tire and rubber industry’s reliance on asbestos was driven by its unique properties, but the health risks associated with asbestos exposure have led to the adoption of safer alternatives in modern manufacturing processes.

Tire and Rubber Workers are at Risk of Asbestos-Related Diseases

Tire and rubber workers, particularly those involved in the manufacturing, repair, and maintenance of rubber products, face a significant risk of asbestos exposure. Historically, asbestos was extensively used in the tire and rubber industry due to its exceptional heat resistance, durability, and insulating properties. It was commonly found in machinery components, such as gaskets, insulation, and brake linings, as well as in protective equipment and materials used during the manufacturing process. Medical research has conclusively demonstrated that asbestos exposure can lead to the following health complications:

Mesothelioma: Tire and rubber workers are at an elevated risk of developing mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive cancer, due to inhaling airborne asbestos fibers. These fibers were often released from asbestos-containing insulation and machinery components used in the manufacturing process.

Lung Cancer: The repair and maintenance of machinery in tire and rubber plants frequently involved disturbing asbestos-containing materials, such as gaskets, insulation, and brake components. This disturbance released asbestos fibers into the air, significantly increasing the risk of lung cancer for workers who inhaled them. For decades, the industry relied heavily on asbestos without fully disclosing its dangers, leaving workers vulnerable.

Throat Cancer: Inhalation or ingestion of asbestos fibers during tasks such as dismantling or repairing machinery could lead to cancers of the larynx and pharynx. Insufficient protective measures in the past further exacerbated this risk for tire and rubber workers.

Stomach Cancer: Workers could inadvertently ingest asbestos fibers, particularly if they ate in contaminated areas or failed to clean up properly before meals. This exposure has been linked to an increased risk of stomach cancer. Poor hygiene practices and inadequate dust control measures in tire and rubber plants contributed to this risk.

Colon Cancer: Known as colorectal cancer, this condition may result from ingesting asbestos fibers. Workers in tire and rubber manufacturing were often exposed to asbestos, which could contribute to the development of this type of cancer.

Asbestosis: This chronic lung disease, caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers, leads to scarring of lung tissue and significant breathing difficulties. Asbestosis is a direct result of prolonged exposure to asbestos in the workplace, particularly during the handling of asbestos-containing materials in tire and rubber production.

Tire and rubber workers played a crucial role in producing essential products for various industries. However, the nature of their work placed them at significant risk of asbestos exposure. Modern safety protocols, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), proper ventilation, and strict adherence to asbestos abatement regulations, are essential to protect workers from the long-term health effects of asbestos exposure.

Learn more about the diseases asbestos can cause.

Asbestos Exposure in the Tire and Rubber Industry

The tire and rubber industry historically utilized asbestos for its heat resistance, durability, and insulating properties. Asbestos was incorporated into various products and processes, including the production of rubberized materials, gaskets, and brake linings. Workers in this industry were frequently exposed to asbestos during manufacturing, maintenance, and handling tasks, as well as through indirect exposure from nearby operations.

Key tasks that exposed tire and rubber industry workers to asbestos included:

Mixing Rubber Compounds: Asbestos was often added to rubber compounds to enhance heat resistance and durability. Workers mixing raw rubber with asbestos and other additives were exposed to airborne fibers during the handling and blending of these materials.

Molding and Curing: Asbestos-containing rubber products, such as brake linings and gaskets, were molded and cured under high heat. The heat and friction during these processes could release asbestos fibers into the air, exposing workers operating or maintaining the equipment.

Fabrication of Brake Linings and Gaskets: Asbestos was a key component in the production of brake linings and gaskets. Workers cutting, shaping, or finishing these products were at risk of inhaling fibers released during these tasks.

Machinery Maintenance and Repair: Many machines used in the tire and rubber industry contained asbestos components, such as gaskets, seals, and insulation. Maintenance workers repairing or replacing these parts were exposed to asbestos dust, particularly when removing worn or damaged components.

Handling and Packaging Finished Products: Workers handling or packaging asbestos-containing rubber products could disturb fibers, especially if the products were friable or damaged.

Proximity to Asbestos Work: Even workers not directly handling asbestos were at risk of exposure if they worked near others performing tasks that released asbestos fibers. Poor ventilation in manufacturing facilities often increased the likelihood of exposure.

The risk of take-home exposure was a significant concern for workers in the tire and rubber industry. Asbestos fibers could easily adhere to workers’ clothing, shoes, and personal items, allowing them to unknowingly transport the hazardous material into their homes. Family members were at risk of secondary exposure through activities such as shaking out or laundering contaminated clothing. This type of exposure has been linked to severe health conditions, including mesothelioma, asbestosis, and lung cancer, underscoring the importance of workplace decontamination protocols and protective measures to safeguard both workers and their families.

Our Law Firm Assists Tire & Rubber Industry Workers with Asbestos-Related Conditions

Workers in the tire and rubber industry were frequently exposed to asbestos while manufacturing, processing, and handling rubber products. Asbestos was commonly used in heat-resistant machinery parts, gaskets, brake pads, and industrial insulation in rubber processing plants. Additionally, asbestos was sometimes mixed into rubber compounds to improve durability and heat resistance. Unfortunately, prolonged exposure to airborne asbestos fibers in manufacturing facilities has led many tire and rubber workers to develop serious illnesses such as mesothelioma, lung cancer, and asbestosis. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with an asbestos-related disease, you may be entitled to compensation. Our law firm is committed to guiding tire and rubber industry workers and their families through the legal process, providing comprehensive support in the following areas:

Asbestos Trust Claims
Many tire and rubber manufacturers and suppliers of asbestos-containing materials have established trust funds to compensate workers diagnosed with asbestos-related diseases. Filing a claim with these trusts does not require a lawsuit and can provide financial relief for medical expenses, lost wages, and other costs. Our legal team can help determine your eligibility and ensure you receive the compensation you deserve.

Asbestos Lawsuits
Manufacturers and suppliers of asbestos-containing materials used in tire and rubber production can be held accountable through legal action. Workers exposed to asbestos while handling rubberized gaskets, operating industrial equipment, or working in factories with asbestos insulation may be eligible to file a lawsuit. Compensation from these lawsuits can help cover medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages. Our experienced attorneys are dedicated to fighting for the rights of tire and rubber industry workers.

Asbestos Disability Claims
Workers diagnosed with asbestos-related conditions may qualify for Social Security disability benefits if their illness prevents them from working. Additionally, veterans who were exposed to asbestos while working in military rubber manufacturing facilities or defense-related industrial plants may be eligible for veterans’ disability benefits. These claims provide essential financial support for affected individuals and their families.